目的 研究我国医疗卫生服务供给水平的空间差异及影响因素，为促进医疗卫生改革提供参考。方法 采用熵权法测度中国医疗卫生服务供给水平，在此基础上利用Dagum 基尼系数法、莫兰指数法探讨医疗卫生服务供给水平的空间差异，并运用空间计量模型分析其影响因素。结果 我国医疗卫生服务供给水平总体呈上升态势；总体基尼系数呈减弱趋势，主要由地区间差异造成；医疗卫生服务供给水平具有正向空间自相关性；财政分权度与对外开放程度对本地及邻近城市的医疗卫生服务供给均产生影响，经济发展水平与城镇化水平仅存在显著直接效应。结论 深化医疗卫生服务体制改革，推进医疗卫生服务供给的均衡发展；增强区域间的空间互动，重视供给水平较高地区的正向溢出效应；促进区域经济协同发展，建立财权与事权相适应的财政体制。

Objective To investigate the spatial differences and influencing factors of health care service supply in China to provide evidence for promoting the health care reform. Methods The entropy weight method was used to measure the supply of health care services in China. Subsequently, the Dagum Gini coeffi cient and the Moran’s index were used to explore the spatial differences in the supply of health care services, and the spatial econometric model was used to analyze the infl uencing factors. Results The overall supply of health care services in China was on the rise. The overall Gini coeffi cient showed a weakening trend, mainly due to regional differences. The supply of health care services had a positive spatial autocorrelation. Both the degree of fi scal decentralization and the openness infl uenced the supply of medical and health services in local and neighboring cities, and the level of economic development only had a signifi cant direct effect on urbanization. Conclusions The reform on the medical and health service systems should be deepened to promote the balanced development of health care service supply. Spatial interaction should be enhanced among different regions. A positive spillover effect from regions with high supply levels should be emphasized. Efforts should be made in promoting the coordinated development of regional economies and establishing a fi scal system with compatible fi nancial power and administrative power.