目的 探索性研究护患关系影响因素。方法 2016 年 4 月~ 6 月，以职业生活问卷、职场孤独感量表、护患关系 问卷作为调查工具，对兰州市 3 所三级甲等医院中 290 名在岗护士进行评估。采用相关分析、结构方程模型等统计方法进行 数据分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示，年龄、职称对护患关系的影响具有统计学意义(P < 0.05);相关分析结果显示，人 职匹配与护患关系具有显著负相关(r =-0.305，P < 0.01)。结构模型结果显示，人职匹配对同情心疲乏和职场孤独感的直接 效应显著(路径系数为 -0.363 和 -0.332，P < 0.01);职场孤独感对同情心疲乏的直接效应显著(路径系数为 0.373，P < 0.01); 同情心疲乏对医患关系的直接效应显著(路径系数为 0.617，P < 0.01)。多群组结构模型结果显示，中医院和综合医院之间 的结构模型具有显著的差异性(Δx2=22.297，df=5，P=0.000)。结论 年龄的增加对护患关系具有负性影响;人职匹配通过职 场孤独感和同情心疲乏影响护患关系。

Objective To investigate the factors influencing nurse-patient relationship. Methods A total of 290 nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, were surveyed using the tools including the Occupational Life Questionnaire, Workplace Loneliness Scale, and Nurse-patient Relationship Questionnaire from April to June 2016. Data were analyzed by the correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. Results Univariate analysis showed that age and professional title had significant effects on nurse- patient relationship (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between person-job fit and nurse-patient relationship (R =-0.305, P < 0.01). Structural modeling showed a direct effect of person-job fit on compassion fatigue (CF) and workplace loneliness (path coefficient: -0.363 and -0.332, respectively; P < 0.01). Workplace loneliness had a significantly direct effect on CF (path coefficient: 0.373; P < 0.01), and CF had a significantly direct effect on nurse-patient relationship (path coefficient: 0.617; P < 0.01). Multigroup structural equation modeling showed that the structural models significantly differed between traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and general hospitals (Δx2=22.297, df=5; P=0.000). Conclusion The increase of age has a negative impact on nurse-patient relationship. Person-job fit affects nurse-patient relationship through workplace loneliness and CF.