Objective To explore the implementation pathways of digital inclusion in smart healthcare services, aiming to resolve inequality issues among different groups during healthcare digitalization. Methods Using the literature research method, this study analyzed the development of smart healthcare services in China, identified current challenges in achieving digital inclusion, and proposed governance countermeasures. Results Four types of divides-access divide, utilization divide, psychological divide, and data divide-constitute the core barriers to digital inclusion in smart healthcare services. Accordingly, a four-dimensional governance pathway was constructed: environmental inclusion, technological inclusion, social inclusion, and data inclusion. Conclusion Through diversified measures such as improving top-level institutional design and regulations in healthcare, strengthening infrastructure development and regional collaboration, and enhancing nationwide digital literacy and skills training, the digital divide in smart healthcare can be bridged, ensuring all groups share the benefits of healthcare digitalization.
Objective To analyze the efficiency of bed allocation in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals, and to provide references for TCM hospitals to optimize the efficiency of bed allocation in clinical departments and improve the level of fifine management. Methods A hybrid evaluation model of data envelopment analysis and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (DEA-TOPSIS) was constructed to evaluate the efficiency of bed resource allocation in each department of TCM hospitals. Firstly, the overall changes in bed allocation efficiency of 40 clinical departments in TCM hospitals from 2018 to 2023 were evaluated by the DEA-Malmquist, with clinical departments of DEA-Malmquist index < 1 used as the decision-making unit. Secondly, differences in bed allocation efficiency of these clinical departments in 2023 were evaluated by DEA Banker-Charnes-Cooper (BCC) model. Finally, TOPSIS was applied to analyze the realistic extent to which the amount of slack in non-DEA efficient departments could be improved. Results The DEA-Malmquist index showed that 26 of the 40 clinical departments had a total factor productivity of less than 1, which was attributed to technological lag. 17 of the 26 clinical departments with a Malmquist index of < 1 remained ineffective for non-DEA in 2023. The TOPSIS model rankings showed that the top five departments to be improved were the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), First Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, First Department of Bone and Joint, and Department of Gastroenterology. Conclusion At present, the efficiency of bed allocation in TCM hospitals is generally showing a downward trend, with obvious technological lagging constraints, over-input and under-output of bed resources co-existing, and the efficiency of bed resource allocation in more than half of the clinical departments needs to be further improved. The overall bed allocation efficiency, vigorous development of specialist construction, technical progress of non-TCM departments, and the balanced development of each department should be further optimized in TCM hospitals.
In the current social context, the physician-patient relationship faces numerous challenges. The professional ethos of physicians is often hindered by various factors, including excessive workloads, doctor-patient conflicts, occupational hazards, and financial risks. Meanwhile, patients encounter multiple obstacles in healthcare access, such as physicians' overwhelming work pressures and the scarcity of medical resources. This study clarified the core principles of medical professionalism, examined the challenges in cultivating such professionalism, and explored its dimension of life-centered care. It further investigated the way of physicians in contemporary healthcare settings to effectively integrate high-level medical expertise with patient-centered humanistic care, thereby better embodying the life-affirming values inherent in medical professionalism and fostering high-quality development in the healthcare system.
Objective To analyze the trend and influencing factors for the positive rate of examination (PRE) of large medical equipment (LME) in Sichuan Province, thus providing a basis for optimizing management strategies. Methods The data of tertiary general hospitals in Sichuan Province from January 2018 to June 2024 were extracted. The influence of seasons, holidays and hospital levels on the PRE was analyzed by the X13-A-S model. The PRE from January 2024 to June 2024 was predicted in the short term. Results PRE increased annually from 2018 to 2023, presenting a significant seasonality on an annual cycle. PRE of the computed tomography (CT-PRE) and magnetic resonance (MR-PRE) in tertiary hospitals decreased by 0.41 % and 0.94 % 15 days before the Spring Festival, respectively (P<0.05). The prediction accuracy of the model for the MR-PRE (root mean squared error [RMSE]=0.26) was better than that of CT-PRE (RMSE=1.38). Conclusion Attention should be paid to the impact of seasonal diseases on the PRE, with the reduction of unnecessary examinations as the core, and enhance the PRE by leveraging information-based supervision and mathematical models.
Objective To analyze the health resource allocation efficiency across regions in a province during 2021 and its national standing from 2012 to 2021, and to predict the provincial health resource allocation demands for 2023-2027, thus providing scientific recommendations for financial investment, decision-making in planning, research on health service equity, and performance evaluation. Methods The static efficiency of health resource allocation in prefecture-level cities (experimental zones) of the province in 2021 was elevated using the data envelopment analysis and variable returns-to-scale (DEA-VRS) model. The Malmquist index model was used to analyze the dynamic efficiency of national health resource allocation during 2012-2021, and assess the provincial relative efficiency level nationwide. Additionally, a grey model was applied to predict the provincial health resource allocation demands for 2023-2027. Results In 2021, one region in the province was identified as "DEA-inefficient" , accounting for 10% of the total regions. During the period 2012-2021, the provincial total factor productivity (TFP) stood at 0.985 , falling below the national average of 0.986 . Projections for 2023-2027 indicate the following average annual growth rates for key healthcare indicators as follows: number of healthcare institutions: 0.325 %, number of hospital beds : 3.907 %, health professionals : 5.343 %, total patient visits : 2.600 %, and hospital admissions: 0.865 %. Conclusion A generally sound efficiency in health resource allocation is found in this province , though it exhibits slight regional development imbalances and inadequate growth in health resource investment . To enhance TFP, it is recommended to implement scientific resource reallocation , leverage new quality productive forces , and fully harness talent capabilities.
Objective To explore innovative pathways for hospital talent team development under the new situation, and to cultivate a knowledge-driven, skilled, and innovative workforce, thus facilitating high-quality hospital development. Methods Comprehensive measures including institutional improvement, system development, innovative talent introduction and cultivation, service optimization, and platform empowerment were adopted to systematically explore mechanisms for talent introduction, cultivation, utilization, and retention. Results Through innovative talent management practices, the talent team structure, overall competency significantly, and the hospital's scientific research innovation and discipline development were effectively advanced. Conclusion Innovative talent management models can fully stimulate talent efficacy and provide a core driving force for the sustainable development of hospitals.
Objective To calculate the standardized workload of Community Health Service Centers (CHSCs), and to construct a regression model for CHSC personnel allocation, thus providing a scientific reference for community health managers. Methods Basic medical services, basic public health services, and family doctor contract services were subdivided into 49 service processes. The standardized work equivalent of each process was calculated. Combined with the 2023 actual service volume, the total standardized workload was derived. Using SPSS 23.0, a regression model was established between the total standardized workload and the number of CHSC employees, dynamically allocating human resources based on employees’ rest-intensity levels. Results The standardized workload of basic medical services was higher than that of basic public health services, followed by family doctor services. The total standardized workload ranged from 28,020 hours to 160,155 hours. Regression model equations for employee allocation under different rest-intensity levels were statistically significant (P<0.05), with stable coefficients. Conclusion Based on actual workload or service capacity to allocate personnel is more objective and precise than traditional community population-based methods. The proposed model demonstrates practical applicability.
Objective By investigating the current situation and existing problems of integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the public health emergency system in Fujian Province, this study explores optimization pathways for TCM integration into public health emergency response systems. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 1890 health technicians in Fujian Province to analyze the integration of TCM into the emergency response system for public health emergencies and their experiences in public health emergency participation. Results A total of 1879 valid questionnaires were collected. Health technicians in Fujian Province highly recognize TCM integration, acknowledging its advantages in infectious disease prevention/treatment, recovery-phase regulation, and functional rehabilitation for sequelae. However, deficiencies exist in understanding relevant regulations, TCM participation in event treatment, and TCM content proportion in training programs. Conclusion By clarifying the status and improving mechanisms, strengthening the construction of talent teams, building a scientific research management system, promoting prevention and control to build a new infectious disease prevention and control base, and increasing cultural publicity to optimize personnel allocation, an optimized path covering the entire process of emergency preparation, disposal and aftermath is created. It aims to improve the integration of TCM in the prevention and control of new infectious disease and promote its integration into the emergency system.
The construction of a talent pool in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is crucial for the inheritance and development of TCM. Taking City E in Hubei Province as a research object, this study systematically analyzed the current status of the development of local talent pools in TCM, and revealed deep causes of talent loss and generational gap in TCM practitioners, aiming to unmask the construction of grassroots TCM talent team. Based on these findings, we proposed targeted strategies from three perspectives: "attracting," "cultivating," and "retaining" talent. It aims to establish a mentorship mechanism that bridges the older, middle-aged, and younger generations of TCM practitioners, laying a solid talent foundation for the sustainable development of TCM.
Objective To understand the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections among inpatients in the First People's Hospital of Kashgar and its changing trends, thus improving prevention and control measures, and reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections. Methods Difficulties and requirements faced by traditional prevalence rate survey were analyzed. A prevalence rate survey module was innovatively designed in the nosocomial infection real-time monitoring system, relying on the integrated platform to capture key data such as patient fever records and abnormal inspection indicators in real time. This was combined with targeted monitoring functions including multi-drug resistant bacteria monitoring, antimicrobial usage analysis, surgical patient tracking, ICU intensive care, and neonatal special monitoring, using professional screening strategies and embedding an intelligent case warning mechanism to accurately identify and warn potential infection risk cases. A prevalence rate survey of nosocomial infections was conducted among all inpatients from 00:00 to 24:00 on July 16, 2024. The information system was used to fill out a unified prevalence survey form and analyze the survey results. Results A total of 2,814 inpatients were investigated, with a 100.00 % investigation rate. There were 28 patients with nosocomial infections, totaling 30 episodes, resulting in a nosocomial infection prevalence rate of 1.00 % and an infection episode rate of 1.07 %. The main sites of nosocomial infections were the respiratory system, urinary system, and surgical sites. The main pathogens of nosocomial infections were Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for 41.67 % and 25.00 % respectively. The antimicrobial usage rate was 28.82 %, with therapeutic use accounting for 79.16 % and prophylactic use for 20.84 %. Regarding the combined use of antibacterial drugs, single-drug use was the main mode of administration, accounting for 85.33 %. Conclusion The use of information technology significantly shortens the time required for investigations, reduces manpower input, and improves the convenience of data application. It improves the efficiency of investigations and data accuracy, providing a scientific basis for infection prevention and control in hospitals.
Objective To explore the application and efficacy of information-based and refined management in hospital integrity construction using information technology. Methods Using the hospital's WeChat service platform, an incorrupt hospital smart supervision platform based on "Internet plus" was created via data sharing through the hospital's internal integrated information platform and information systems. Results The application of the incorrupt hospital smart supervision platform based on "Internet plus" effectively improved the efficiency of hospital party conduct and clean governance construction, enhanced the self-monitoring awareness of hospital staff, and reduced the risk of integrity issues. Conclusion The incorrupt hospital smart supervision platform using information technology to implement the hospital's clean government supervision system achieves good results, and helps build an honest hospital with a clean party style and a fresh medical style.
Objective To discuss the digital measures of hospital logistics management scenarios, the main practices, and prospects of digital transformation based on a case study of hospital logistics performance management. Methods Case analysis method and the data envelopment analysis and the data envelopment analysis (DEA-BCC) model were adopted. Results The difficulties of logistics performance management included backward management means, limited application of evaluation results, and weak improvement. The scenario digital measures included standardization of service items and service standards, service area gridding, and dynamic daily assessment. The logistics performance management process consisted of data collection, data refine, data calculation and data use. Conclusion The key prospects for the digital transformation of logistics performance management in public hospitals include: building a digital performance management platform, standardizing the performance management indicator system, implementing dynamic performance appraisal for all staff, and enhancing the decision-making value of performance evaluation results.
Objective To analyze the main diagnoses and coding problems on the first page of obstetrics inpatient cases in a tertiary care women's and children's hospital and to improve the quality of obstetrics coding. Methods In this study, the information on the first page of 12,225 cases of obstetric discharges from the hospital between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2024, wassystematically analyzed. The study focused on the verification of the main diagnostic information and its coding accuracy on the first page of the cases, and the main diagnostic errors found were categorized and statistically analyzed. Results The total number of major diagnostic errors in the first page of 12,225 cases was 2,015 cases (16.48%); of these, 42.98% were selection errors of the principal diagnosis, 36.03% were errors of confusing codes, 10.17% were errors of overly generalized principal diagnosis coding, 7.79% were errors of failure to use combined codes, and 3.03% were other types of errors. The main categories of the errors were maternal care related to delivery problems with the highest percentage of 44.76%, followed by complications of labor and delivery with 21.24%. Conclusion Coders need to be proficient in obstetric coding thinking and the main principles of choice, to strengthen the requirements for clinicians to write medical records in accordance with norms, to improve the quality of the front page coding and ensure the accuracy of the front page data, and provide a reliable basis for the DRG performance evaluation of hospitals.
Based on the policy background of the nationally implemented performance appraisal for maternal and child health (MCH) institutions, this study deeply elucidated its significance in standardizing the development of MCH institutions, and precisely examined the challenges and difficulties lying in regional MCH institutions in achieving high-quality development. Combined with practical contexts, this study systematically analyzed the performance appraisal indicator system for MCH institutions, focused on key aspects to advance high-quality development, targeted on solving weaknesses, and continuously enhanced the overall service capacity of regional MCH institutions, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the regional MCH system.
Objective To understand the current situation of bidding for introducing property outsourcing service companies in hospitals of Anhui Province, and to construct a bidding scoring system for property outsourcing services in Anhui hospitals. Methods The scoring system was determined using a combination of questionnaire surveys and expert interviews. Results The comprehensive scoring method has become mainstream in bidding for hospital property outsourcing services. Among the 26 participants surveyed, 11 basically agreed with the preliminary proposed standards, and 15 proposed modifications. Conclusion A scoring system with 6 primary indicators (qualification evaluation, service plan, personnel requirements, equipment requirements, service performance, and service price) and 16 secondary indicators was established, forming the Hospital Property Service Bidding Scoring System in Anhui Province to provide references for hospital property outsourcing service bidding.
Objective Based on the theory of collaborative governance, this study aims to analyze the dynamic management mechanisms and optimization pathways of the "one-hospital-two-campus" operation model of the municipal-level tertiary grade-A hospitals. Methods A collaborative governance model encompassing multi-stakeholder collaboration, resource sharing, and service control was constructed through literature review and case studies, with Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital serving as the empirical subject. Results The collaborative governance model significantly improved the hospital's operational efficiency, optimized resource allocation, and enhanced service quality. It alleviated the strain on medical resources at the main campus, increased the accessibility and satisfaction of medical services for residents, and notably improved the hospital's specialized capabilities, operational quality, service support, social influence. Conclusion Although the "one-hospital-two-campus" model has brought new opportunities for hospital development, it has also revealed challenges in practice, such as increased difficulty in cross-campus management coordination and challenges in optimizing resource allocation. In the future, a further refinement of collaborative governance mechanisms in hospitals is required to continuously enhance the overall effectiveness of the medical service system.
Objective To identify the problems encountered by clinicians when informing patients about adverse events before blood transfusion, and to explore effective measures to improve the quality of such informed communication. Methods A total of 217 clinicians who fulfilled the obligation of inform consent before blood transfusion and obtained patients' signatures on the informed consent form for transfusion therapy from January 2023 to December 2024 were selected as research subjects. A questionnaire was designed based on normative documents, such as the Code of Ethics for Blood Transfusion Medicine and the Measures for the Administration of Clinical Blood Use in Medical Institutions, focusing on issues related to transfusion adverse reactions. The survey data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results Clinicians had a poor grasp of the definitions and diagnostic criteria for 8 types of transfusion adverse events, including transfusion-related hypotensive reactions. The level of mastery of various transfusion adverse reactions directly affected the demand for continuing education. Except for the insignificant correlation between hemolytic transfusion reactions and the demand for continuing education, all other types showed a significant correlation (P<0.05). Clinicians performed poorly in pre-transfusion notification regarding the types and severity of transfusion adverse events, notification to special populations, transfusion alternatives, and transfusion indications. They expressed demands for the involvement of transfusion physicians, sufficient notification time, and auxiliary notification materials. Except for the insignificant correlation between the involvement of transfusion physicians and the notification of transfusion indications, all other correlations were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Strengthening continuing education on transfusion adverse events, involving transfusion physicians in the notification process, providing sufficient notification time, and supplying auxiliary notification materials are helpful for clinicians to fulfill the obligation of informing patients about transfusion adverse events.
Objective To explore the practical experience and effectiveness of homogenous development of nursing care in national cancer regional medical centers. Methods Taking Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Gansu Hospital as an example, challenges of homogenous development of nursing care were analyzed. Specific approaches for system improvement, management system improvement, talent cultivation, specialty development, medical and nursing integration and scientific research innovation were described. Results After 2 years of construction, preliminary results have been achieved in nursing quality management, talent cultivation, and specialty development. The implementation rate of clinical patient care quality evaluation standards was 100 %, and the number of nursing staff going out for training and learning has increased,. The number of outpatient service visits for nursing specialties also increased. Conclusion The homogenous development of nursing care in national cancer regional medical centers requires all- round synergistic management, continuous promotion of nursing talent cultivation, and experience in enhancing the service capacity of regional medical centers.
Objective To analyze the current implementation status and existing challenges of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system under the healthcare alliance in a medical consortium of Fujian Province, and to propose improvement strategies to inform local healthcare policy formulation. Methods Data were collected and analyzed from January 2021 to December 2023, including outpatient/emergency visits, bidirectional referrals, staff awareness of the hierarchical system, perceived effectiveness among healthcare workers, patient satisfaction, and factors influencing patients' choice of initial care institutions. Results In 2021, 5.58 % of inpatients were referred upward, and 1.11 % were referred downward. In 2022, 4.42 % were referred upward, and 2.46 % were referred downward. In 2023, 3.11 % were referred upward, and 2.12 % were referred downward. Upward referrals showed an annually decreased trend, with the largest decrease in 2022. Downward referrals showed a slightly increased trend. The 485 staff members scored a moderate level of understanding of the medical consortium-based graded diagnosis and treatment. Among them, 2.89 % were very familiar, 11.13 % were familiar, 26.60 % had some knowledge, and 59.38 % were not familiar, indicating a general lack of understanding. Also, 34.85 % of staff thought it was very helpful, and 10.93 % thought it was quite helpful, showing most believed it played a positive role. Of the 400 patients surveyed, the satisfaction score was 73.89±8.34, with 6.00 % very satisfied, 15.00 % fairly satisfied, and 51.50 % somewhat satisfied. Monthly income (OR=2.785, 95 % CI: 2.184-3.551), medical insurance (OR=2.779, 95 % CI: 1.378-5.605), and community clinic visits (OR=2.869, 95 % CI: 1.118-7.365) were key factors for patients' choices of first-visit medical institutions (P<0.05). Conclusion The hierarchical system under the healthcare alliance facilitates upward referrals for outpatient/ emergency care and demonstrates positive clinical utility. To enhance patient satisfaction and bidirectional referrals, it is crucial to focus on socioeconomic factors (e.g., income disparities, insurance accessibility) and community care engagement. Strengthening primary healthcare infrastructure and public education on the hierarchical system are recommended to optimize resource allocation and policy effectiveness.
Objective To systematically elucidate the occurrence mechanisms, influencing factors, and coping strategies for doctor-patient conflicts, and to propose actionable and replicable strategic recommendations for substantively improving doctor- patient relationships in China. Methods Using convenience sampling, healthcare workers from three tertiary hospitals in Shanghai were selected as interviewees. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was applied for qualitative analysis to derive a thematic framework. Results Four themes were identified from the healthcare workers' perspectives, including their perceptions of doctor-patient conflicts, perceived causes of conflicts, strategies for managing conflicts, and views on the impacts of conflicts on healthcare workers. Conclusion Due to practical reasons like socioeconomic disparities and flaws in the healthcare system, doctor- patient conflicts are unavoidable. During these conflicts, medical professionals often feel that "they themselves are also a vulnerable group and victims". To reduce doctor-patient conflicts, deepened healthcare system reforms by the government, and adjustments at both the departmental and institutional levels in the hospital are essential. Additionally, increased training for medical staff in humanistic care to improve their communication skills is necessary.
Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness of the multiple disciplinary team enhanced recovery after surgery (MDT-ERAS) in the orthopedic day surgery and its health economic benefits. To quantify the uncertainty of its economic effects using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods A total of 145 patients treated with orthopedic day surgery for removing the internal fixation in Ziyang Central Hospital between January 2022 and August 2024 were selected. They were randomly assigned to the control group (n=74) and intervention group (n=71). Patients in the control group received traditional surgical management, while those in the intervention group were managed by MDT-ERAS protocol. Primary outcomes included the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores, rates of postoperative agitation and adverse events, treatment outcomes and health economic indicators. Cost-effectiveness ratio was analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. Results Patients in the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower RASS scores, and incidences of postoperative agitation and adverse events (all P<0.05). Significantly higher postoperative pain scores, complication scores, patient satisfaction and treatment effect scores were observed in the intervention group than the control group (all P<0.05). Economically, lower hospitalization costs and better cost-effectiveness ratios were seen in the intervention group than the control group (all P<0.05). Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the cost-effectiveness superiority of MDT-ERAS (92.3 % probability). Conclusion MDT-ERAS significantly enhances postoperative recovery, reduces adverse events, and demonstrates health economic advantages in orthopedic day surgery. Monte Carlo simulation provides robust statistical validation for the economic evaluation of MDT-ERAS.
Objective To analyze the current state of research on hospital information security in China, as well as the research hotspots and cutting-edge directions. Methods Bibliometric methods were adopted to analyze literatures related to hospital information security retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Data were exported and visualized using the scientific knowledge mapping tool CiteSpace. Results Through the analysis of 763 relevant articles, it was found that research on hospital information security in China mainly focused on information security, data security, network security, graded protection, blockchain, protective measures, security systems, and security management. Among them, information security was the most popular research topic, while data security, network security, graded protection, protective measures, security systems, and security management were key research directions. Conclusion This study systematically analyzed the current state and evolution of research hotspots in hospital information security in China, in the hope of providing further reference for decision-making and planning regarding hospital information security issues.
Objective To explore strategies for improving the quality of Party building in Chinese public hospitals and to analyze current research hotspots, to provide a basis for optimizing Party building strategies. Methods Using "Party building" and "public hospitals" as keywords, relevant articles published before July 23, 2024 were searched in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Social network analysis was conducted with Bicomb 2.04, R software, and SPSS 26.0 to quantify, cluster, and visualize keywords from the literatures. Results A total of 251 articles were included, yielding 40 high-frequency keywords. Research hotspots focused on management mechanisms, Party branch development, model innovation, new-era contexts, cultural integration, and high-quality development. Cluster analysis identified four themes as follows: public hospital classification governance and Party building model adaptation; talent echelon building under Party leadership; integration of Party building and business operations; and construction of an integrity ecosystem in the medical field. Conclusion This study summarizes the core dimensions for enhancing Party building effectiveness in public hospitals, offering theoretical support and practical guidance for high-quality development.
Objective To understand the current situation, progress and hotspots of research on hospital discipline construction, thus providing references for research on clinical disciplines and clinical specialties construction in hospitals in China. Methods CiteSpace 6.3.R1 was used to draw the knowledge map of author cooperation, institutional cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, and keyword emergence of 465 valid articles published in the core journals of Peking University and CSSCI in China Knowledge Network (CNKI) between 1992 and 2024. Data were interpreted and analyzed. Results The total volume of publications in core journals was not high, and the growth trend of publications corresponded to the introduction of national policy documents. A core author group has not yet been formed. The cooperation between issuing institutions was not frequent and close enough. The evolution of research themes presented different stage characteristics. Talent cultivation and disciplinary layout improvement strategies for discipline construction in public hospitals, and the evaluation of clinical specialties are the hot spots of the current research and the trend of the future research. Conclusion It is necessary to expand the volume and improve the quality of research, strengthen the cooperation between authors and institutions, cultivate core authors and leaders, strengthen cross-institutional and cross-departmental cooperation, expand the research on evaluation of clinical specialties, and deeply integrate the research on discipline construction of hospitals with the new medical reform policy.
